{"id":11822,"date":"2023-10-26T10:26:33","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T08:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=11822"},"modified":"2023-10-27T08:15:30","modified_gmt":"2023-10-27T06:15:30","slug":"when-did-czechoslovakia-split","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/kdy-se-rozdelilo-ceskoslovensko\/","title":{"rendered":"Kdy se rozd\u011blilo \u010ceskoslovensko? Prozkoumejte historick\u00fd okam\u017eik, kter\u00fd ho rozd\u011blil"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kdy se \u010ceskoslovensko rozd\u011blilo?<\/strong> 1. ledna 1993 se st\u0159edoevropsk\u00fd st\u00e1t \u010ceskoslovensko rozpadl na dva samostatn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty: \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko. Jednalo se o pokojn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledkem byl vznik dvou nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch, suver\u00e9nn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. \u010ct\u011bte d\u00e1le a zjist\u011bte p\u0159i rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sametov\u00fd rozvod\", jak se mu za\u010dalo \u0159\u00edkat, byl v ostr\u00e9m kontrastu k n\u00e1siln\u00fdm rozkol\u016fm, kter\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b za\u017e\u00edvaly jin\u00e9 zem\u011b. Vyzna\u010doval se oddanost\u00ed nen\u00e1sil\u00ed a diplomacii, kter\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017eela snahy \u010desk\u00fdch i slovensk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f o n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00e9 kultury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faktory jako \u010ceskoslovensko <\/strong>historie<\/strong>, kultura a politika, to v\u0161e p\u0159isp\u011blo k rozkolu. \u010cesk\u00e9 a slovensk\u00e9 oblasti zem\u011b si v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vytvo\u0159ily odli\u0161n\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy. Vzhledem k t\u011bmto rozd\u00edl\u016fm a spole\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e v demokracii bylo rozhodnuto o sm\u00edrn\u00e9m rozchodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bratislava je dodnes hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem Slovenska, zat\u00edmco Praha, historick\u00e9 centrum \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/a>, slou\u017e\u00ed jako hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy vzniklo \u010ceskoslovensko? Po stop\u00e1ch zrodu n\u00e1roda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kdy vzniklo \u010ceskoslovensko? <\/strong>Dne 28. \u0159\u00edjna 1918 slavnostn\u011b vzniklo \u010ceskoslovensko. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm st\u00e1tn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 den \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 samostatnosti. Po skon\u010den\u00ed prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a podpisu Pittsbursk\u00e9 dohody ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, kter\u00e1 otev\u0159ela cestu ke vzniku jednotn\u00e9ho \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, se zrodil nov\u00fd n\u00e1rod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Byl to Tom\u00e1\u0161 Garrigue Masaryk, kdo vedl p\u0159em\u011bnu \u010ceskoslovenska v demokratickou republiku. \u010ce\u0161i, Slov\u00e1ci a dal\u0161\u00ed men\u0161iny \u017eili v nov\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b spole\u010dn\u011b v m\u00edru a harmonii. Vznikl na z\u00e1klad\u011b my\u0161lenek demokracie a v reakci na touhu \u010desk\u00e9ho a slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda po n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy se rozd\u011blilo \u010ceskoslovensko? Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed zlomov\u00e9ho bodu v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u010ceskoslovensko jako suver\u00e9nn\u00ed celek existovalo a\u017e do 1. ledna 1993, kdy se m\u00edrovou cestou rozd\u011blilo na \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko. To sice znamenalo konec federace, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 to ka\u017edou zemi nasm\u011brovalo na vlastn\u00ed cestu r\u016fstu a pokroku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika a Slovensko jako samostatn\u00e9 n\u00e1rody mohly po uzav\u0159en\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie svobodn\u011b prosazovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed z\u00e1jmy. Rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska<\/strong>. Ob\u011b zem\u011b se zav\u00e1zaly k demokracii a sebeur\u010den\u00ed a jejich rozd\u011blen\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za neobvykl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad m\u00edrov\u00e9ho a konsensu\u00e1ln\u00edho rozd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d bylo \u010ceskoslovensko rozd\u011bleno? Odhalen\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010din rozd\u011blen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d bylo \u010ceskoslovensko rozd\u011bleno? <\/strong>K \"sametov\u00e9mu rozvodu\", jak se obecn\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska na \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko, do\u0161lo z n\u011bkolika vz\u00e1jemn\u011b souvisej\u00edc\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f. Rozhodnut\u00ed o rozpadu feder\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu \u010ceskoslovensko nebylo u\u010din\u011bno n\u00e1hodn\u011b, ale existovaly z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro to, aby bylo pokojn\u00e9 a vyzna\u010dovalo se vz\u00e1jemnou dohodou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozd\u00edln\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika a Slovensko si v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu vytvo\u0159ily odli\u0161nou politickou a ekonomickou identitu. Na po\u010d\u00e1tku devades\u00e1t\u00fdch let, kdy se ob\u011b oblasti pokou\u0161ely formovat sv\u00e9 postkomunistick\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, byly tyto rozd\u00edly obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00e9. Pra\u017e\u0161t\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i preferovali rychlej\u0161\u00ed tr\u017en\u00ed zm\u011bny a pln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ijet\u00ed kapitalismu, zat\u00edmco bratislav\u0161t\u00ed Slov\u00e1ci byli opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Touha po sebeur\u010den\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Koncept osobn\u00ed svobody byl hnac\u00edm motorem rozd\u011blen\u00ed. Mezi obyvateli \u010desk\u00fdch a slovensk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed se rozv\u00edjel pocit n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity a hrdosti a existovala snaha vl\u00e1dnout si sami. Princip individu\u00e1ln\u00ed svobody hr\u00e1l v\u00fdznamnou roli p\u0159i sm\u00edrn\u00e9m urovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed spor\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sametov\u00e1 revoluce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Komunistick\u00e1 diktatura v \u010ceskoslovensku se zhroutila a cesta k demokracii byla zah\u00e1jena Sametov\u00e1 revoluce v roce 1989<\/strong>v \u010dele s osobnostmi jako nap\u0159. V\u00e1clav Havel.<\/strong> Byl to zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipravil p\u016fdu pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politick\u00e9 veden\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Politi\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 hr\u00e1li kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i veden\u00ed zem\u011b v obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9m procesu fragmentace. Sametov\u00e9 rozd\u011blen\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry umo\u017enilo \u00fasil\u00ed V\u00e1clava Havla, prezidenta \u010ceskoslovenska, a Vladim\u00edra Meiara, p\u0159edsedy vl\u00e1dy Slovenska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 schv\u00e1len\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec se v\u011bt\u0161ina obyvatel obou region\u016f shodla na tom, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed by bylo \u010ceskoslovensko rozpustit. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice i na Slovensku prob\u011bhla referenda o samostatnosti a jejich v\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee odtr\u017een\u00ed m\u00e1 drtivou podporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska: Po rozd\u011blen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rok 1993 rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska<\/a>, kter\u00e1 vytvo\u0159ila \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko, zanechala d\u011bdictv\u00ed pro oba st\u00e1ty a oblast. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1sti d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska po rozd\u011blen\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Klidn\u00e9 rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed po skon\u010den\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se \u010ceskoslovensko rozd\u011blilo m\u00edrovou cestou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Siln\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 tradice<\/strong>: \u010ceskoslovensko dalo \u010cesk\u00e9 republice i Slovensku demokratick\u00e9 hodnoty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity: <\/strong>Rozd\u011blen\u00ed umo\u017enilo \u010cesk\u00e9 republice a Slovensku rozv\u00edjet a vyjad\u0159ovat svou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekonomick\u00fd p\u0159echod:<\/strong> Ob\u011b zem\u011b p\u0159e\u0161ly od centr\u00e1ln\u011b pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed k tr\u017en\u011b orientovan\u00e9mu r\u016fzn\u00fdm tempem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evropsk\u00e1 integrace:<\/strong> Rozd\u011blen\u00ed nebr\u00e1nilo evropsk\u00e9 integraci \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ze zem\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika i Slovensko vstoupily do EU v roce 2004 a p\u0159ipojily se k z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diplomatick\u00e1 spojen\u00ed:<\/strong> Od rozd\u011blen\u00ed udr\u017euj\u00ed ob\u011b zem\u011b diplomatick\u00e9 styky a maj\u00ed m\u00edrov\u00e9 vztahy. Jsou bl\u00edzk\u00fdmi partnery v EU a spolupracuj\u00ed na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edch a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kulturn\u00ed a historick\u00e9 vazby:<\/strong> Navzdory sv\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identit\u011b maj\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika a Slovensko spole\u010dn\u00e9 kulturn\u00ed a historick\u00e9 vazby. Slov\u00e1ci a \u010ce\u0161i oslavuj\u00ed spole\u010dnou historii a tradice a hovo\u0159\u00ed podobn\u00fdmi jazyky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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