{"id":12566,"date":"2024-01-16T15:54:05","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T13:54:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=12566"},"modified":"2024-02-23T16:17:25","modified_gmt":"2024-02-23T14:17:25","slug":"invaze-v-praze-68","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/prague-68-invasion\/","title":{"rendered":"Objevte str\u00e1nky historie invaze do Prahy v roce 1968"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Invaze v Praze 68<\/strong>, hr\u016fzn\u00e1 epizoda v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u010ceskoslovenska, se odehr\u00e1la na vrcholu studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a vyost\u0159ila konflikty mezi v\u00fdchodn\u00edm blokem a z\u00e1padn\u00edm sv\u011btem. Pod\u00edvejme se zp\u011bt v \u010dase, abychom l\u00e9pe pochopili ud\u00e1losti a d\u016fsledky Invaze v Praze 68.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tato invaze, podporovan\u00e1 Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz <\/a>a jej\u00edmi partnery z Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy, n\u00e1hle zastavil Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro, \u00e9ru politick\u00e9 liberalizace a zm\u011bn, kter\u00e9 vyvolaly touhu po svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a demokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed 1968<\/strong> uprost\u0159ed ciz\u00edho vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipravila p\u016fdu pro budouc\u00ed snahy o nez\u00e1vislost a sebeur\u010den\u00ed. Invaze nakonec poslou\u017eila jako rozbu\u0161ka pro kone\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed zem\u011b v jej\u00edm \u00fasil\u00ed o demokracii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed ud\u00e1losti v \u010ceskoslovensku v roce 1968<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Krajina
Krajina Prahy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rok 1968 byl v \u010ceskoslovensku bou\u0159liv\u00fdm rokem, kter\u00fd byl poznamen\u00e1n z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi politick\u00fdmi a spole\u010densk\u00fdmi ud\u00e1lostmi. Zde je n\u011bkolik hlavn\u00edch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed Ud\u00e1losti z roku 1968<\/strong> kter\u00e9 ovlivnily v\u00fdvoj \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin v tomto roce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. ledna - 1. dubna 1968: Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alexander Dub\u010dek<\/a>, prvn\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010ceskoslovenska, inicioval vznik tzv. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro 1968<\/strong> prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm liberaliza\u010dn\u00edch reforem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politick\u00e1 liberalizace:<\/strong> C\u00edlem reforem je vybudovat \"socialismus s lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\", zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed politickou pluralitu, svobodu projevu a ekonomickou transformaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. dubna 1968: Ludv\u00edk Vacul\u00edk Manifest<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00fd spisovatel a novin\u00e1\u0159 Ludv\u00edk Vacul\u00edk vydal manifest \"Dva tis\u00edce slov\", v n\u011bm\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159il obavy z politick\u00fdch reforem a vyslovil se pro v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed demokracii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29. \u010dervence a\u017e 3. srpna 1968: Invaze do \u010ceskoslovenska<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Operace Dunaj: <\/strong>Voj\u00e1ci Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy pod veden\u00edm Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu vtrhnou do \u010ceskoslovenska v reakci na domn\u011bl\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed liberalizace. Invaze se z\u00fa\u010dastnili voj\u00e1ci ze Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, Polska, v\u00fdchodn\u00edho N\u011bmecka, Ma\u010farska a Bulharska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okupace m\u011bst: <\/strong>Praha a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 m\u011bsta jsou obsazena a reformn\u00ed hnut\u00ed potla\u010deno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. srpna 1968: Alexander Dub\u010dek promlouv\u00e1 k n\u00e1rodu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory vp\u00e1du Dub\u010dek vyb\u00edz\u00ed k pasivn\u00ed rezistenci a vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 se ozbrojen\u00e9mu st\u0159etu s \u00fato\u010dn\u00edky. Jeho projev se st\u00e1v\u00e1 symbolem nen\u00e1siln\u00e9ho odporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26. srpna 1968: Dub\u010dek byl odvol\u00e1n z funkce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na moskevsk\u00e9 konferenci je Dub\u010dek p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, aby p\u0159ijal moskevsk\u00fd protokol, kter\u00fd fakticky ukon\u010duje Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro. Pot\u00e9 byl sesazen z funkce a jeho n\u00e1stupcem se stal Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. listopadu 1968: Hus\u00e1k p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 funkci gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Veden\u00ed konzervativc\u016f:<\/strong> Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k, zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi konzervativn\u00edmi postoji, p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1 funkci gener\u00e1ln\u00edho tajemn\u00edka Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010ceskoslovenska, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 odklon od zm\u011bn Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho jara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. listopadu 1968: Studentsk\u00e9 protesty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Protest p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed:<\/strong> V den prvn\u00edho v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed vra\u017edy Jana Opletala, studenta zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9ho b\u011bhem protestu proti nacistick\u00e9 invazi, pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed studenti v Praze pokojn\u00e1 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vy\u00fast\u00ed v poty\u010dky s polici\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jan Palach zem\u0159el 27. prosince 1968<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Protest sebeup\u00e1len\u00edm: <\/strong>Jan Palach<\/a>student se na protest proti lhostejnosti a cenzu\u0159e po invazi up\u00e1l\u00ed na V\u00e1clavsk\u00e9m n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed v Praze. Na n\u00e1sledky zran\u011bn\u00ed zem\u0159el 19. ledna 1969.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fdcovstv\u00ed a hnut\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho jara 1968<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho jara se Alexander Dub\u010dek. \u010cesk\u00fd v\u016fdce v roce 1968<\/strong>, vedl hnut\u00ed za otev\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a demokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensko. Pot\u00e9, co se v lednu 1968 stal prvn\u00edm tajemn\u00edkem Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010ceskoslovenska, se Dub\u010dek spojil s dobov\u00fdm reformn\u00edm postojem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dub\u010dek\u016fv styl veden\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148oval pragmatismus a humanizaci socialismu. Sv\u016fj p\u0159\u00edstup naz\u00fdval \"socialismem s lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\", kter\u00fd spojoval socialistick\u00e9 my\u0161lenky s individu\u00e1ln\u00ed svobodou a demokratick\u00fdmi aspiracemi. Dovedl \u010ceskoslovensko k politick\u00e9 pluralit\u011b, decentralizovan\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ekonomiky a kulturn\u00edmu obrozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 principy Hnut\u00ed Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho jara<\/a>: Toto hnut\u00ed zahrnovalo politick\u00e9, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a kulturn\u00ed reformy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politick\u00e1 pluralita:<\/strong> To byl z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho jara. Dub\u010dek cht\u011bl rozb\u00edt monolitn\u00ed nadvl\u00e1du komunistick\u00e9 strany t\u00edm, \u017ee povol\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany a bude prosazovat r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svoboda projevu:<\/strong> Hnut\u00ed se sna\u017eilo osvobodit my\u0161lenky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm svobody projevu. Uvoln\u011bn\u00ed cenzury podn\u00edtilo kreativitu v literatu\u0159e, um\u011bn\u00ed a m\u00e9di\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 reformy: <\/strong>Dub\u010dekovo veden\u00ed usilovalo o modernizaci hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro<\/strong> prosazoval tr\u017en\u00ed socialismus, kter\u00fd d\u00e1val podnik\u016fm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed svobodu a decentralizoval ekonomiku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ipomenut\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed: \u010ceskoslovensko v roce 1968 a Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010ceskoslovensko v roce 1968<\/strong> \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd p\u0159echod k liberalizaci a demokratick\u00e9mu socialismu prob\u011bhl b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Kdy\u017e Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz potla\u010dil Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro, tato nad\u011bje se rozplynula. P\u0159ipome\u0148te si s n\u00e1mi zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti tohoto bou\u0159liv\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sem\u00ednka nesouhlasu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky vedl Alexander Dub\u010dek \u010ceskoslovensko<\/strong> vymanit se z autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kontroly Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vstoupen\u00ed do akce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Obyvatel\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovenska se zapojili do ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch debat a ve\u0159ejn\u011b kritizovali status quo, kdy\u017e se v zemi odehr\u00e1valy zm\u011bny. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch \u010cesk\u00e9 jaro 1968<\/strong> m\u011bl hlubok\u00fd dopad i mimo \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd n\u00e1rod. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b, zejm\u00e9na zem\u011b v\u00fdchodn\u00edho bloku, ud\u00e1losti pozorn\u011b sledovaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Invaze<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Za vl\u00e1dy Leonida Bre\u017en\u011bva pova\u017eoval Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz reformy v \u010ceskoslovensku za v\u00fdzvu sv\u00e9 moci, co\u017e vedlo k tomu. invaze do \u010ceskoslovenska v roce 1968. <\/strong>20. srpna 1968 vtrhla do \u010ceskoslovenska vojska Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy pod veden\u00edm Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, aby obnovila po\u0159\u00e1dek a ochr\u00e1nila socialistick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, co\u017e byl stra\u0161liv\u00fd zvrat ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Po vojensk\u00e9 okupaci skon\u010dilo Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro zma\u0159en\u00fdmi sny a zni\u010den\u00fdm n\u00e1rodem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00davahy o rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm okam\u017eiku v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u010desk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed 1968<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro a Invaze v Praze 68<\/strong> se nesmazateln\u011b zapsaly do historie. P\u0159esto\u017ee se hnut\u00ed zhroutilo, zaselo sem\u00ednko nespokojenosti, kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji zes\u00edlilo a umlklo. Dokud bude existovat v\u016fle po demokracii a svobod\u011b, dal\u0161\u00ed generace budou moci pokra\u010dovat v boji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho ud\u00e1losti roku 1968<\/strong> jsou st\u0159\u00edzlivou p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou toho, jak slo\u017eit\u00e9 je usilovat o politickou zm\u011bnu. Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed o boji \u010ceskoslovenska za sebeur\u010den\u00ed je utv\u00e1\u0159eno pr\u016fnikem idej\u00ed, geopolitick\u00e9 reality studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a ob\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesli sn\u00edlci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rozpl\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti invaze do \u010ceskoslovenska v roce 1968<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch Invaze v Praze 68<\/strong> \u010ceskoslovensko se ocitlo v \u0161oku a rozpl\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti se stalo p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Po skon\u010den\u00ed normalizace se represivn\u00ed pravidla postupn\u011b rozpadala a vedla k demokratick\u00e9 sametov\u00e9 revoluci v roce 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proces rozpl\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed ukazuje hou\u017eevnatost n\u00e1roda, kter\u00fd navzdory vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1sah\u016fm utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed osud. Je to dojemn\u00fd pohled na Bohat\u00e1 historie Prahy <\/a>a trval\u00fd vliv lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed snili o svobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a demokrati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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