{"id":12570,"date":"2024-01-17T16:08:19","date_gmt":"2024-01-17T14:08:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=12570"},"modified":"2024-02-16T11:52:29","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T09:52:29","slug":"17-november-1989","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/17-listopadu-1989\/","title":{"rendered":"17. listopadu 1989: P\u0159elomov\u00fd okam\u017eik \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 17. listopadu 1989<\/strong>, p\u0159edstavuje zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch \u010ceskoslovenska, kter\u00fd odstartoval \u0159adu ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, je\u017e nakonec vedly k p\u00e1du komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a za\u010d\u00e1tku zcela nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 17. listopadu 1989<\/strong> je v kolektivn\u00edm pov\u011bdom\u00ed zaps\u00e1n jako symbol boje lidu za svobodu a demokracii, kter\u00fd vyvrcholil v roce 1952. Sametov\u00e1 revoluce.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abychom skute\u010dn\u011b pochopili v\u00fdznam 17. listopadu 1989, mus\u00edme se nejprve pod\u00edvat na spole\u010densko-politickou atmosf\u00e9ru, kter\u00e1 mu p\u0159edch\u00e1zela. Po p\u0159evzet\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska pod veden\u00edm Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu v roce 1968, kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159ezd\u00edvalo Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro, se n\u00e1rod dostal pod p\u0159\u00edsnou komunistickou moc. Tato perzekuce omezovala osobn\u00ed svobody, uml\u010dovala kritiku a podn\u011bcovala \u0161irokou nespokojenost ve\u0159ejnosti, co\u017e vy\u00fastilo v doutnaj\u00edc\u00ed odpor proti vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ud\u00e1losti, kter\u00e9 se odehr\u00e1ly na 17. listopadu 1989 v Bratislav\u011b <\/strong>zanechal trval\u00fd dojem, stejn\u011b jako cel\u00e9 \u010ceskoslovensko. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kroniky zm\u011bn Listopad 1989 v \u010ceskoslovensku Bratislavsk\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Pohled
Pohled na Prahu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Co se stalo 17. listopadu 1989? <\/strong>Pod\u00edvejme se do kroniky zm\u011bn v tomto v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m m\u011bs\u00edci, se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm d\u016frazem na Bratislavu, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Slovenska, a jej\u00ed zapojen\u00ed do povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnilo \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jiskra, kter\u00e1 za\u017eehla plamen <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bratislava, nep\u0159ehledn\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto \u010ceskoslovenska, se stala centrem vzpoury proti komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b. Po zabit\u00ed studentsk\u00e9ho demonstranta Martina \u0160m\u00edda p\u0159i pra\u017esk\u00e9 demonstraci ve dnech listopad 1989<\/strong>, obyvatel\u00e9 Bratislavy povstali proti autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b. P\u00e1d \u0160m\u00eddu inspiroval bratislavskou ml\u00e1de\u017e k tomu, aby se zasadila o zm\u011bnu a prom\u011bnila sv\u00e9 m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ulice se probouzej\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V bratislavsk\u00fdch ulic\u00edch rostl aktivismus. Stovky student\u016f, d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f a intelektu\u00e1l\u016f zp\u00edvaly na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00edch za svobodu, demokracii a konec komunismu. N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Svobody, d\u0159\u00edve n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed Justi\u010dn\u00edho pal\u00e1ce, bylo sv\u011bdkem v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdch projev\u016f, plamenn\u00fdch h\u00e1dek a sjednocen\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00edla jednoty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sametov\u00e1 revoluce uk\u00e1zala neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fd potenci\u00e1l jednoty. V\u0161ichni se p\u0159idali k emancipaci, od d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f po kudrnat\u00e9 akademiky a um\u011blce. Lidsk\u00fd \u0159et\u011bz mezi Bratislavou a V\u00eddn\u00ed znamenal jednotu v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy a univerz\u00e1lnost zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bratislavsk\u00e9 nekrvav\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Sametov\u00e1 revoluce byla pokojn\u00e1. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 Bratislavy pomohli udr\u017eet revoluci nekrvavou. Poezie, divadlo a nen\u00e1siln\u00e9 protesty vsed\u011b nahradily n\u00e1sil\u00ed na protest proti tyransk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu. Sv\u011bt \u017easl nad t\u00edm, jak Bratislava inspirovala budouc\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bod obratu Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ud\u00e1lost\u00ed 17. listopadu 1989<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dne 17. listopadu 1989 do\u0161lo v \u010ceskoslovensku k dramatick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b politick\u00e9ho klimatu, kter\u00e1 je pova\u017eov\u00e1na za zlomov\u00fd okam\u017eik v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch zem\u011b. Pod\u00edvejme se, co se ten den stalo a jak to p\u0159ipravilo p\u016fdu pro sametovou revoluci, kter\u00e1 ukon\u010dila komunistickou nadvl\u00e1du v \u010ceskoslovensku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozad\u00ed represe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Za vl\u00e1dy komunist\u016f Gust\u00e1va Hus\u00e1ka v \u010ceskoslovensku. zem\u011b \u010ceskoslovensko<\/a>, p\u0159evl\u00e1daly politick\u00e9 represe, cenzura a omezov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fdch svobod. Diktatura si udr\u017eovala moc zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm ekonomiky pod centralizovanou kontrolou a siln\u00fdm ideologick\u00fdm konformismem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Povst\u00e1n\u00ed 17. listopadu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 17. listopadu 1989 <\/strong>povst\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dalo b\u011bhem studentsk\u00e9ho protestu v Praze. Divok\u00fd policejn\u00ed \u00fatok na pokojn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed podn\u00edtil rozho\u0159\u010den\u00ed lidu a vyvolal vlnu nepokoj\u016f, kter\u00e1 se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila po cel\u00e9 zemi v\u010detn\u011b Bratislavy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reakce Bratislavy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ob\u010dan\u00e9 hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Slovenska, Bratislavy, reagovali na celost\u00e1tn\u00ed po\u017eadavek na zm\u011bnu. Bratislava se stala d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm masov\u00fdch demonstrac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po\u017eadovaly ukon\u010den\u00ed vl\u00e1dy jedn\u00e9 strany a zaveden\u00ed demokracie. N\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a pam\u011btihodnosti m\u011bsta odr\u00e1\u017eely kolektivn\u00ed hlas lidu, kter\u00fd povstal proti dlouholet\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 tyranii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vznik Ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra v Bratislav\u011b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem bratislavsk\u00fdch demonstrac\u00ed se jako v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 reformn\u00ed s\u00edla projevilo Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 f\u00f3rum, kter\u00e9 sdru\u017euje disidenty a v\u011bdce. Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 f\u00f3rum v Bratislav\u011b se stalo m\u00edstem pro opozi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1zory, kter\u00e9 nast\u00ednily v\u00fdzvy k politick\u00fdm reform\u00e1m, svobodn\u00fdm volb\u00e1m a konci komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solidarita p\u0159es hranice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Bratislava podporovala p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed jednotu jak v r\u00e1mci Slovenska, tak mezi Slov\u00e1ky a \u010cechy. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed proti komunistick\u00e9mu re\u017eimu pos\u00edlilo vazby mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi a p\u0159ipravilo p\u016fdu pro pokojn\u00fd rozpad \u010ceskoslovenska v roce 1993.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezignace komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Komunistick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da odstoupila pod tlakem protestuj\u00edc\u00edch v Bratislav\u011b a celost\u00e1tn\u00edch protest\u016f. Za v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho odporu podala vl\u00e1da v\u010detn\u011b prezidenta Gust\u00e1va Hus\u00e1ka po\u010d\u00e1tkem prosince 1989 demisi, co\u017e znamenalo d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd obrat v politick\u00e9 situaci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prezidentstv\u00ed V\u00e1clava Havla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1clav Havel se stal prezidentem 29. prosince 1989 po skon\u010den\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Tato historick\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost znamenala triumf sametov\u00e9 revoluce a za\u010d\u00e1tek demokratick\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed v \u010ceskoslovensku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Objevte m\u011bs\u00edc prom\u011bn od sametov\u00e9 revoluce 17. listopadu 1989<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 17. listopadu 1989 Sametov\u00e1 revoluce <\/strong>zm\u011bnil zemi i sv\u011bt. Tento revolu\u010dn\u00ed okam\u017eik m\u011bl politick\u00e9, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed dopady, kter\u00e9 p\u0159es\u00e1hly p\u00e1d komunistick\u00e9 diktatury.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politick\u00e9 zm\u011bny a demokratizace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

To byl nejz\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejhmatateln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledek. Po odstoupen\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a nastolen\u00ed nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vznikla demokracie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sametov\u00e9 povst\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 ukon\u010dilo roky autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy a zavedlo demokratick\u00e9 instituce, jako jsou svobodn\u00e9 a spravedliv\u00e9 volby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost a aktivismus Zrozen\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 f\u00f3rum symbolizovalo vzpouru proti autorit\u00e1m. Hnut\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo, jak m\u016f\u017ee jednotn\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost po\u017eadovat politick\u00e9 reformy a bojovat proti \u00fatlaku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sametov\u00e1 revoluce nav\u00edc dala ob\u010dan\u016fm mo\u017enost rozhodovat o budoucnosti sv\u00e9 zem\u011b. Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 anga\u017eovanost a ob\u010dansk\u00e1 slu\u017eba se staly n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi hodnotami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Symbol nen\u00e1siln\u00e9ho odporu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00e1sil\u00ed sametov\u00e9 revoluce inspirovalo odpor proti autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm re\u017eim\u016fm po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Po jej\u00edm \u00fasp\u011bchu tato metoda inspirovala revoluce za svobodu a lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kulturn\u00ed a intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed renesance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Po omezen\u00ed do\u0161lo k rozkv\u011btu um\u011bn\u00ed a my\u0161len\u00ed. Svoboda projevu podpo\u0159ila o\u017eiven\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00edch d\u011bl, um\u011bn\u00ed a m\u00e9di\u00ed a uk\u00e1zala \u017eivou kulturu n\u00e1roda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed veden\u00ed: V\u00e1clav Havel zt\u011bles\u0148oval intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u016fdcovstv\u00ed sametov\u00e9 revoluce. Intelektu\u00e1lov\u00e9 formovali porevolu\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Restrukturalizace a modernizace hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Po revoluci byly provedeny tr\u017en\u011b orientovan\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 reformy. \u010ceskoslovensko se z p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zm\u011bnilo na tr\u017en\u011b orientovanou ekonomiku a za\u010dalo r\u016fst a modernizovat se.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vzpom\u00ednka na 17. listopad 1989 v \u010ceskoslovensku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 17. listopadu 1989<\/strong>, je \u017eiv\u00fdm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm o s\u00edle solidarity, hou\u017eevnatosti lidsk\u00e9 du\u0161e a vytrval\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed o rovnost a svobodu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historie a bohat\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 kultura<\/a> a Slovensko se b\u011bhem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce zm\u011bn p\u0159etvo\u0159ily v dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010ceskou republiku a Slovensko. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me tento historick\u00fd den, mus\u00edme uct\u00edt ob\u011bti, kter\u00e9 p\u0159inesli ti, kdo state\u010dn\u011b bojovali za na\u0161i svobodu; inspirovali n\u00e1s k tomu, abychom udr\u017eovali ohe\u0148 svobody, kter\u00fd byl v tento den za\u017eehnut, \u017eiv\u00fd v na\u0161ich \u017eivotech i v \u017eivotech lid\u00ed kolem n\u00e1s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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