{"id":13298,"date":"2024-04-25T12:18:50","date_gmt":"2024-04-25T10:18:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=13298"},"modified":"2024-04-30T10:29:58","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T08:29:58","slug":"celebrating-may-1st-in-the-czech-republic-traditions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/oslavy-1-kvetna-v-ceskerepublice-tradice\/","title":{"rendered":"Oslavy 1. m\u00e1je v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice: Tradice a kulturn\u00ed dopady"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. kv\u011btna v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/strong> se s velk\u00fdm z\u00e1palem a nad\u0161en\u00edm p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 jako Sv\u00e1tek pr\u00e1ce, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek. Sv\u00e1tek pracuj\u00edc\u00edch je kulturn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd, proto\u017ee je to \u010das spole\u010densk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00ed, introspekce a kampan\u00ed za pr\u00e1va pracuj\u00edc\u00edch; krom\u011b toho je to pocta d\u011blnick\u00e9mu hnut\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011bch\u016fm pracuj\u00edc\u00edch. Poj\u010fte se s n\u00e1mi pono\u0159it do kulturn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu a tradic sv\u00e1tku 1. kv\u011btna v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b toho je 1. kv\u011bten spojen tak\u00e9 se starov\u011bk\u00fdmi pohansk\u00fdmi slavnostmi. V tento den za\u010d\u00ednala jarn\u00ed v\u00fdsadba a lid\u00e9 tan\u010dili kolem m\u00e1jky, aby si p\u0159ipomn\u011bli \u00farodnost p\u016fdy. K dal\u0161\u00edm \u010desk\u00fdm zvyk\u016fm a ritu\u00e1l\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed obdarov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed konvalinkami a p\u00e1len\u00ed \u010darod\u011bjnic na 1. m\u00e1je.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na 1. m\u00e1je se v \u010desk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a politice d\u011bje mnoho v\u011bc\u00ed. Dnes p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 d\u011bln\u00edky, podporuje spole\u010densk\u00e9 zm\u011bny a spojuje komunity k oslav\u011b jara a lidsk\u00e9ho ducha. Zamyslete se na chv\u00edli nad v\u00fdznamem 1. m\u00e1je v \u010desk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a historii, a\u0165 u\u017e se rozhodnete tan\u010dit kolem m\u00e1jky nebo pochodovat na demonstraci. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvod a tradice 1. kv\u011btna jako \u010desk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Celosv\u011btov\u00e9 d\u011blnick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed a boj za pr\u00e1va zam\u011bstnanc\u016f jsou s 1. kv\u011btnem dlouhodob\u011b spojeny. Toto datum bylo vybr\u00e1no na po\u010dest Haymarketsk\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti, d\u011blnick\u00e9 st\u00e1vky za osmihodinovou pracovn\u00ed dobu, kter\u00e1 se konala v Chicagu v roce 1886. V d\u016fsledku n\u00e1siln\u00fdch boj\u016f, kter\u00e9 b\u011bhem demonstrac\u00ed vypukly mezi d\u011bln\u00edky a polici\u00ed, bylo zran\u011bno nebo zabito n\u011bkolik lid\u00ed. Jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed boje d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f za soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost a zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek zalo\u017eila Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed socialistick\u00e1 konference (International Socialist Conference). 1. kv\u011btna v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/strong> jako Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed den pracuj\u00edc\u00edch v roce 1889.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se zalo\u017een\u00edm Prvn\u00ed \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e1 republika v roce 1918<\/a>, byl 1. kv\u011bten v \u010ceskoslovensku vyhl\u00e1\u0161en ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00edm sv\u00e1tkem. Prvn\u00ed m\u00e1j byl form\u00e1ln\u011b ustanoven jako Sv\u00e1tek pr\u00e1ce nov\u011b ustavenou vl\u00e1dou, v jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele st\u00e1la soci\u00e1ln\u011b demokratick\u00e1 strana. Toto rozhodnut\u00ed bylo u\u010din\u011bno jako uzn\u00e1n\u00ed hodnoty p\u0159\u00ednosu pracuj\u00edc\u00edch pro spole\u010dnost. Aktivist\u00e9 za pr\u00e1va pracuj\u00edc\u00edch slavili tuto ud\u00e1lost, aby si p\u0159ipomn\u011bli ty, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali proti vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a nerovnosti, a \u00fatrapy, kter\u00e9 museli sn\u00e1\u0161et.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akce a oslavy 1. kv\u011btna po cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti Sv\u00e1tku pr\u00e1ce (Sv\u00e1tek pr\u00e1ce) dne 1. kv\u011bten, st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek<\/strong>, se po cel\u00e9 \u010cesk\u00e9 republice konaj\u00ed oslavy na po\u010dest d\u011blnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed a p\u0159\u00ednosu pracuj\u00edc\u00edch. Na t\u011bchto setk\u00e1n\u00edch je mo\u017en\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast na kulturn\u00edch akc\u00edch, spole\u010densk\u00fdch setk\u00e1n\u00edch a shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch za pr\u00e1va pracuj\u00edc\u00edch. Na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch 1. kv\u011btna, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika<\/strong> m\u00e1 obvykle tyto oslavy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u016fvody a protesty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zam\u011bstnanci a odborov\u00e9 organizace v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed pochody, shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a demonstrace v mnoha m\u011bstech, aby po\u017eadovali lep\u0161\u00ed pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomickou rovnost a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost. Protestuj\u00edc\u00ed pochoduj\u00ed ulicemi s n\u00e1pisy, vlajkami a transparenty, kter\u00e9 prezentuj\u00ed postoje a c\u00edle jejich skupin. Pracovn\u00edci mohou na t\u011bchto shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch vyj\u00e1d\u0159it sv\u00e9 obavy a po\u017eadovat zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Karl\u016fv most <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kulturn\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 parky, n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed centra \u010dasto na 1. m\u00e1je po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed hudebn\u00ed, tane\u010dn\u00ed a divadeln\u00ed p\u0159edstaven\u00ed v r\u00e1mci kulturn\u00edch akc\u00ed. Z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00ed um\u011blci a interpreti z okol\u00ed pot\u011b\u0161\u00ed hosty r\u016fzn\u00fdmi p\u0159edstaven\u00edmi s t\u00e9matikou Sv\u00e1tku pr\u00e1ce, v\u010detn\u011b klasick\u00fdch i modern\u00edch d\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u017e\u00edvat si venku<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Na tomto Dovolen\u00e1 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/a>, mnoho m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel i n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f se sch\u00e1z\u00ed v parc\u00edch a na jin\u00fdch otev\u0159en\u00fdch prostranstv\u00edch, kde po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed pikniky, koncerty a dal\u0161\u00ed formy venkovn\u00ed z\u00e1bavy. Na po\u010dest v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed d\u011blnick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed je to \u010das, kdy je mo\u017en\u00e9 si odpo\u010dinout, oslavit s p\u0159\u00e1teli a rodinou a u\u017e\u00edt si trochu volna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdstavy a workshopy s pracovn\u00ed tematikou<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Muzea, galerie a dal\u0161\u00ed kulturn\u00ed centra \u010dasto po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed workshopy, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdstavy a vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed programy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na d\u011blnick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, jeho historii a v\u00fdznam. Tyto akce ukazuj\u00ed, jak jsou d\u011blnick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed v dne\u0161n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, a osv\u011btluj\u00ed obt\u00ed\u017ee i v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u010desk\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu historie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obhajoba soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a politick\u00fdch zm\u011bn<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Skupiny i jednotlivci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e1tek 1. m\u00e1je, aby upozornili na probl\u00e9my, jako je ekonomick\u00e1 nerovnost, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost a pr\u00e1va zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. Na setk\u00e1n\u00edch, jako jsou ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 f\u00f3ra, debaty a kampan\u011b na obhajobu pr\u00e1v, se lid\u00e9 setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed, aby spolu vedli d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 rozhovory a usilovali o lep\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Role 1. m\u00e1je v \u010desk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed m\u00e1j je v \u010desk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00fdm dnem, proto\u017ee p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pracuj\u00edc\u00ed, pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1va a jaro. Sv\u00e1tek pr\u00e1ce m\u00e1 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice dlouhou historii ob\u0159ad\u016f budov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1jka neboli m\u00e1jka je obl\u00edben\u00fd \u010desk\u00fd ritu\u00e1l na 1. m\u00e1je, kdy se na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed stav\u00ed m\u00e1jka se stuhami, kv\u011btinami a dal\u0161\u00edmi ozdobami. M\u00e1jku, kter\u00e1 symbolizuje plodnost a jaro, doprov\u00e1z\u00ed tanec, zp\u011bv a hodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spolu s m\u00e1jkou, 1. kv\u011btna v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/strong> je dnem politick\u00e9 a spole\u010densk\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice. Odbory a zam\u011bstnanci po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed protesty, aby po\u017eadovali zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch podm\u00ednek, mezd a pracovn\u00edch pr\u00e1v. Na 1. m\u00e1je se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed historie pr\u00e1ce a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnosti v zemi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celkov\u011b, 1. kv\u011btna je st\u00e1tn\u00ed sv\u00e1tek<\/strong> a den oslav, uk\u00e1zek a odpo\u010dinku. \u010ce\u0161i tento sv\u00e1tek vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k tomu, aby se v\u011bnovali rodin\u011b a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm, u\u017eili si dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b a jedli a pili tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 pochoutky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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