{"id":13597,"date":"2024-07-03T14:29:17","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T12:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=13597"},"modified":"2024-07-03T14:29:22","modified_gmt":"2024-07-03T12:29:22","slug":"toyen-and-czech-surrealist-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/toyen-a-czech-surrealist-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed a trval\u00e9ho vlivu Toyen v \u010desk\u00e9m surrealismu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jen m\u00e1lo um\u011blc\u016f surrealistick\u00e9ho mal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee rovnat tajemstv\u00ed a p\u0159ita\u017elivosti. Obrazy Toyen<\/strong>!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Marie \u010cerm\u00ednov\u00e1<\/strong>, zn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pod jm\u00e9nem Toyen, stoj\u00ed vysoko mezi um\u011blci 20. stolet\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou spojeni s \u00e9rou surrealismu. Jej\u00ed pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, hlubok\u00e9 ponory do podv\u011bdom\u00ed a tajemn\u00e9 n\u00e1m\u011bty j\u00ed jako um\u011blkyni vynesly \u0161irok\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. V tomto d\u00edle se budeme zab\u00fdvat Obrazy Toyen,<\/strong> my\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 zkoumala, a jej\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos surrealismu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um\u011bleck\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha Toyen za\u010dala v Praze, kde nav\u0161t\u011bvovala \u0160kolu u\u017eit\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Jej\u00ed prvn\u00ed obrazy, kter\u00e9 byly siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bny kubismem a art deco, reprezentuj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e9 modernistick\u00e9 my\u0161lenky. Zlom znamenala jej\u00ed interakce s v\u00fdtvarn\u00edkem Jind\u0159ichem \u0160tyrsk\u00fdm na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. let. Oba vytvo\u0159ili obchodn\u00ed a osobn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vliv na Toyenin p\u0159echod k surrealismu<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odkaz \u010desk\u00e9ho surrealistick\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010cesk\u00fd surrealismus vznikl jako reakce na chaotickou a nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou politickou a spole\u010denskou situaci. situace \u010ceskoslovenska na po\u010d\u00e1tku dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed. <\/a>\u010ce\u0161t\u00ed surrealisti\u010dt\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159i v \u010dele s pr\u016fkopn\u00edky jako Jind\u0159ich \u0160tyrsk\u00fd, Toyen a V\u00edt\u011bzslav Nezval zkoumali lidskou psychiku a vytv\u00e1\u0159eli d\u00edla, kter\u00e1 zpochyb\u0148ovala normy a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z charakteristick\u00fdch rys\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9 surrealistick\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong> je d\u016fraz na snovost a magi\u010dnost. Um\u011blci \u010dasto vytv\u00e1\u0159eli neobvykl\u00e9 a nadpozemsk\u00e9 scen\u00e9rie pln\u00e9 podivn\u00fdch tvor\u016f, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch krajin a p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdch spojen\u00ed. \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed surrealist\u00e9 sv\u00fdmi d\u00edly zpochyb\u0148ovali p\u0159edstavy div\u00e1k\u016f o realit\u011b a vyz\u00fdvali je k v\u00fdletu po neprob\u00e1dan\u00fdch a neprob\u00e1dan\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota a d\u00edla Marie \u010cerm\u00ednov\u00e9 (Toyen)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V dob\u011b sv\u00e9ho dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed se Toyen projevovala jako rebelka a nonkonformistka. Zvolila si genderov\u011b neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed pseudonym \"Toyen\", aby vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila sv\u016fj nesouhlas s konven\u010dn\u00edmi genderov\u00fdmi rolemi a odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed vzbou\u0159it se proti za\u017eit\u00fdm zvyklostem. Typick\u00e9 pro jej\u00ed tvorbu bylo nap\u0159:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Mezi Obrazy Toyen<\/strong> jsou jej\u00ed provokativn\u00ed explicitn\u00ed kresby, kter\u00e9 zpochyb\u0148ovaly normy sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Tato odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e1 a emocion\u00e1ln\u011b nabit\u00e1 d\u00edla zkoumala slo\u017eitost lidsk\u00fdch pot\u0159eb a sn\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zpochyb\u0148ovala p\u0159ijat\u00e9 spole\u010densk\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Liter\u00e1rn\u00ed d\u00edla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Toyen se v\u011bnovala tak\u00e9 literatu\u0159e a spolupracovala na mnoha projektech s Philippem Soupaultem a Andr\u00e9 Bretonem. Surrealismus, podv\u011bdom\u00ed a sny byly spole\u010dn\u00fdm t\u00e9matem jej\u00ed v\u00fdtvarn\u00e9 i liter\u00e1rn\u00ed tvorby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Galerie Toyen: V\u00fdstavy a zaj\u00edmavosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Galerie Toyen vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed Marie \u010cerm\u00ednov\u00e1,<\/strong> \u010dasto zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako Toyen. Jak jste prozkoumejte \u00fachvatnou architekturu Prahy<\/a>, si napl\u00e1nujte n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu Galerie Toyen, abyste za\u017eili strhuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdlet do Toyenina tajemn\u00e9ho a \u010dasto avantgardn\u00edho vesm\u00edru, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje rozmanitou \u0161k\u00e1lu jej\u00edch d\u011bl, je\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed jej\u00ed osobitou um\u011bleckou vizi a v\u00fdznamn\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos pro sv\u011bt um\u011bn\u00ed. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedeny hlavn\u00ed body Galerie Toyen<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interaktivn\u00ed multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed displeje.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace: <\/strong>Po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 repliky nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obraz\u016f Toyen a interaktivn\u00ed d\u00edla, kter\u00e1 div\u00e1k\u016fm pom\u00e1haj\u00ed pochopit jej\u00ed tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed proces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fvodn\u00ed rukopisy a skic\u00e1ky<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace: <\/strong>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci mohou studovat toyen kniha,<\/strong> komentovan\u00e9 skici, osobn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky a n\u00e1vrhy jej\u00edch hlavn\u00edch d\u011bl, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed jej\u00edho um\u011bleck\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1\u017eitek ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed realit\u011b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace:<\/strong> Tato virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed realita umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016fm prozkoumat krajiny a postavy v... Obrazy Toyen<\/strong> jako by sami vstupovali do sc\u00e9n, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje jejich porozum\u011bn\u00ed pro bohatost a slo\u017eitost jej\u00edho d\u00edla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dokument\u00e1rn\u00ed filmy a rozhovory.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace: <\/strong>Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 z\u00e1b\u011bry a rozhovory poskytuj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brn\u00fd pohled na osobnost Toyen, jej\u00ed filozofick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k um\u011bn\u00ed a vliv na surrealistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed sb\u00edrky a archivy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace: <\/strong>Tyto sb\u00edrky jsou zlat\u00fdm dolem pro badatele i fanou\u0161ky a podrobn\u011b dokumentuj\u00ed um\u011bleck\u00fd i osobn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj Toyen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed obrazy Toyen: Pohled na auk\u010dn\u00ed rekordy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obrazy Toyen s hlubokou symbolikou a surrealistickou povahou st\u00e1le okouzluj\u00ed sb\u011bratele i fanou\u0161ky um\u011bn\u00ed. Nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed obraz Toyen je <\/strong> La Dame de Pique. Dal\u0161\u00edmi d\u00edly prodan\u00fdmi v aukci jsou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. La Dame de Pique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cena:<\/strong>  78,65 milionu K\u010d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Cirkus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cena:<\/strong> 79,56 milionu K\u010d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Pr\u00e1zdnota, ticho od roku 1940<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cena: <\/strong>18,48 milionu K\u010d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Pozd\u011bji <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cena: <\/strong>37,44 milionu K\u010d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed slavn\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed surrealisti\u010dt\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vliv \u010desk\u00e9ho surrealismu na \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed surrealistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed byl zna\u010dn\u00fd a mnoho mal\u00ed\u0159\u016f se jedine\u010dn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem pod\u00edlelo na jeho odkazu. N\u00ed\u017ee jsou uvedena n\u011bkter\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed proslul\u00e1 \u010ce\u0161t\u00ed surrealisti\u010dt\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159i<\/strong> jeho\u017e d\u00edla jsou uzn\u00e1v\u00e1na v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice i na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00farovni:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • Jan \u0160vankmajer<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Lubo Kristek<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Eva \u0160vankmajerov\u00e1<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Jind\u0159ich Heisler<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Franti\u0161ek Janou\u0161ek<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Alois Wachsman<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Anna Chromy<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Oto Macek<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Josef \u0160\u00edma<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Franti\u0161ek Vobeck\u00fd<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Jind\u0159ich \u0160tyrsk\u00fd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Jen m\u00e1lo um\u011blc\u016f surrealistick\u00e9 malby se m\u016f\u017ee rovnat tajemnosti a p\u0159ita\u017elivosti obraz\u016f Toyen! Marie \u010cerm\u00ednov\u00e1, zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sp\u00ed\u0161e jako...","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":13598,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,204,39,43,14],"tags":[49],"table_tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13597"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13597"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13637,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13597\/revisions\/13637"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13598"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13597"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=13597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}