{"id":9578,"date":"2023-05-24T09:03:46","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T07:03:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=9578"},"modified":"2024-02-02T18:37:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T16:37:17","slug":"prague-spring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/praha-jaro\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0161e o Pra\u017esk\u00e9m jaru v \u010ceskoslovensku"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Politick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nepokoje poznamenaly v\u011bt\u0161inu 20. stolet\u00ed v Praze.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se Rakousko-Uhersko rozpadlo a Praha se stala hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem \u010ceskoslovenska.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/kde-je-praha-jaka-zeme\/\">Kde je Praha? <\/a><strong>Je Praha<\/strong> <strong>v \u010ceskoslovensku?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Praha ji\u017e nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010ceskoslovenska<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>V roce 1993, <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/kdy-se-rozdelilo-ceskoslovensko\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/when-did-czechoslovakia-split\/\">\u010cesko a Slovensko se n\u00e1sledn\u011b odd\u011blily a vytvo\u0159ily samostatn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nem\u016f\u017eeme o tomto t\u00e9matu diskutovat, ani\u017e bychom zm\u00ednili <strong>Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro 1968 v \u010ceskoslovensku<\/strong>. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro bylo v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zlomem v \u010desk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee bylo \u010ceskoslovensko st\u00e1le pod sov\u011btskou moc\u00ed, b\u011bhem liber\u00e1ln\u00edch reforem se na zhruba \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce otev\u0159elo um\u011bn\u00ed, m\u00e9di\u00edm a svobod\u011b projevu. <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/kdo-byl-alexander-dubcek\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/who-was-alexander-dubcek\/\">Dub\u010dek<\/a> v roce 1968.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed od ledna do srpna 1968 se b\u011b\u017en\u011b ozna\u010duje jako Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz se ob\u00e1val, \u017ee by nez\u00e1vislost \u010ceskoslovenska mohla oslabit Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz a vliv komunistick\u00e9 strany, a proto vyslal vojska zem\u00ed Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy, aby obnovila po\u0159\u00e1dek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Co v\u0161ak vyvolalo <strong>Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro 1968 v \u010ceskoslovensku<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-sparked-the-prague-spring-in-czechoslovakia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co vyvolalo Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro v \u010ceskoslovensku?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Rozhn\u011bvan\u00e9 demonstrace v \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republice svrhly Novotn\u00e9ho, zvolily Dub\u010deka a p\u0159ipravily p\u016fdu pro Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro.N\u00ed\u017ee jsme podrobn\u011b popsali faktory, kter\u00e9 vedly k nespokojenosti s komunistick\u00fdm re\u017eimem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"standard-of-living\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u017divotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Inflace, nedostatek potravin a celkov\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bly k rostouc\u00ed vln\u011b nespokojenosti v \u010ceskoslovensku v 60. letech. Bydlen\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f bylo nevyhovuj\u00edc\u00ed a mohli si dovolit pouze nejnutn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed existenci.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010ceskoslovensko m\u011blo nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed ekonomiku ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm bloku, ale jeho ob\u010dan\u00e9 si st\u00e1le v\u00edce uv\u011bdomovali, \u017ee se vzd\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b ve prosp\u011bch Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"dissatisfaction-with-the-political-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nespokojenost s politick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Mezi \u010desk\u00fdm a slovensk\u00fdm lidem rostla nespokojenost. Mnoho \u010cech\u016f se domn\u00edvalo, \u017ee se jejich zem\u011b v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch stala autorit\u00e1\u0159\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila komunistick\u00e1 vl\u00e1da. Novotn\u00fd byl kritizov\u00e1n kv\u016fli omezov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody slova a tisku. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee zvolil poloautorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd postup (v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed a zab\u00edjen\u00ed neozbrojen\u00fdch demonstrant\u016f), rychle ztratil podporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"help-from-the-west\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pomoc ze Z\u00e1padu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i a Slov\u00e1ci v\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty podpo\u0159\u00ed jejich protesty proti komunistick\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, pokud k nim dojde. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nap\u0159\u00edklad v Trumanov\u011b doktr\u00edn\u011b deklarovaly, \u017ee sl\u00edbily, \u017ee budou<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"slowing-economy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zpomaluj\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomika<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Historicky pat\u0159ila \u010deskoslovensk\u00e1 ekonomika k nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm bloku. Ta v\u0161ak za\u010dala upadat v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz za\u010dal \u010ceskoslovensko nutit, aby m\u00edsto vlastn\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u011blo pro Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz suroviny, nap\u0159\u00edklad ocel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lid\u00e9 m\u011bli tak\u00e9 pocit, \u017ee komunistick\u00e1 strana blokuje rozvoj. Jej\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co p\u011bstovat, a v\u0161eobecn\u00fd dohled nad zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdmi podniky potla\u010dovaly jak\u00e9koli pokusy o modernizaci. Frustrace rostla, kdy\u017e pokusy o hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zm\u011bny za Novotn\u00e9ho rovn\u011b\u017e ztroskotaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"soviet-invasion-of-czechoslovakia-and-its-repercussions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 invaze do \u010ceskoslovenska a jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010ceskoslovensko nebylo do ud\u00e1lost\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo zapojeno, \u010delilo po skon\u010den\u00ed Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho jara celosv\u011btov\u00e9 kritice. N\u00ed\u017ee se dozv\u00edte, jak ovlivnilo i jin\u00e9 vazby ne\u017e jen tu mezi Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-warsaw-pact\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Var\u0161avsk\u00e1 smlouva<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Invaz\u00ed do \u010ceskoslovenska v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed vzrostla sov\u011btsk\u00e1 nadvl\u00e1da nad satelitn\u00edmi zem\u011bmi ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. K dal\u0161\u00edm ot\u0159es\u016fm ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b nedo\u0161lo a\u017e do konce 80. let 20. stolet\u00ed kv\u016fli \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9mu Pra\u017esk\u00e9mu jaru a Bre\u017en\u011bvov\u011b doktr\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00e1 legitimizovala vojenskou anga\u017eovanost ve v\u0161ech zem\u00edch, kter\u00e9 s n\u00ed nesouhlasily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"criticism-from-around-the-world\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kritika z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u010cinnost Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu byla v celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku ost\u0159e kritizov\u00e1na. Z\u00e1b\u011bry neozbrojen\u00fdch civilist\u016f s kyticemi p\u0159ed bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi se sov\u011btsk\u00fdmi tanky ukazovaly na brutalitu SSSR.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad Rumunsko a Jugosl\u00e1vie se po v\u00e1lce politicky distancovaly od Moskvy kv\u016fli Bre\u017en\u011bvov\u011b doktr\u00edn\u011b a pova\u017eovaly ji za p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku m\u00edru.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Byla to posledn\u00ed kapka, kter\u00e1 vedla k rozpadu vztah\u016f mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Sov\u011btsk\u00fdm svazem kv\u016fli obav\u00e1m Pekingu, \u017ee Moskva vyu\u017eije ideologii jako z\u00e1minku k invazi do \u010c\u00edny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"implications-for-cold-war-relations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky pro vztahy za studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz dal jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee o m\u00edrov\u00e9m sou\u017eit\u00ed nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u0159e\u010d, kdy\u017e zavedl Bre\u017en\u011bvovu doktr\u00ednu. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz v d\u016fsledku zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch se vztah\u016f pokra\u010dovaly v budov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"unveiling-pragues-communist-era-3-5-hour-historical-and-bunker-tour\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odhalen\u00ed pra\u017esk\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 \u00e9ry: Historick\u00e1 prohl\u00eddka a prohl\u00eddka bunkr\u016f v d\u00e9lce 3,5 hodiny.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div data-gyg-href=\"https:\/\/widget.getyourguide.com\/default\/activities.frame\" data-gyg-locale-code=\"en-US\" data-gyg-widget=\"activities\" data-gyg-number-of-items=\"1\" data-gyg-partner-id=\"U94OQGQ\" data-gyg-tour-ids=\"22927\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Vydejte se na poutavou 3,5hodinovou p\u011b\u0161\u00ed prohl\u00eddku a pronikn\u011bte do zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 historie komunismu v Praze. V doprovodu znal\u00e9ho m\u00edstn\u00edho pr\u016fvodce si prohl\u00e9dnete v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 m\u00edsta spojen\u00e1 s Pra\u017esk\u00fdm jarem a sametovou revoluc\u00ed. Z\u00edskejte jedine\u010dn\u00fd vhled do \u017eivota za \u017eeleznou oponou a pod\u011blte se s pr\u016fvodcem o osobn\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitky z t\u00e9to doby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"highlights\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed informace<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Pono\u0159te se do strhuj\u00edc\u00ed historie komunismu v \u010ceskoslovensku <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch m\u00edst spojen\u00fdch s Pra\u017esk\u00fdm jarem a sametovou revoluc\u00ed <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vstupte do autentick\u00e9 d\u011blnick\u00e9 j\u00eddelny a pono\u0159te se do dobov\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Za\u017eijte atmosf\u00e9ru jadern\u00e9ho krytu z 50. let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00fd vstup do Muzea komunismu v Praze <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"included\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zahrnuto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Exkluzivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup do \u00fachvatn\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho bunkru <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Obdr\u017e\u00edte origin\u00e1ln\u00ed komunistick\u00fd odznak na pam\u00e1tku. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vyu\u017eijte slevu na vstup do Muzea komunismu <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mal\u00e1 skupina zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed intimn\u00ed a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1\u017eitek (a\u017e 8 osob) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dop\u0159ejte si p\u0159est\u00e1vku v autentick\u00e9 j\u00eddeln\u011b a vychutnejte si osv\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1poj Kofola.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-cs-button-block\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.getyourguide.fr\/prague-l10\/visite-de-prague-extravaganza-communism-t22927\/?partner_id=U94OQGQ&amp;utm_medium=online_publisher\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u2192 Dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-end-of-a-peaceful-era\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konec m\u00edrov\u00e9 \u00e9ry<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1losti Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho jara vyvolaly spekulace, \u017ee \u00e9ra m\u00edrov\u00e9ho sou\u017eit\u00ed mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem skon\u010dila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Skute\u010dn\u00fdm d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz ukon\u010dil <strong>Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro 1968 v \u010ceskoslovensku <\/strong>kr\u00e1tce po jeho za\u010d\u00e1tku, proto\u017ee se ob\u00e1vali ztr\u00e1ty kontroly nad \u010ceskoslovenskem, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st k podobn\u00fdm povst\u00e1n\u00edm i jinde. Je toho hodn\u011b <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/prozkoumejte-bohatou-prazskou-historii\/\">poznejte bohatou historii Prahy<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"a-defining-moment-in-the-quest-for-freedom\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed okam\u017eik na cest\u011b za svobodou<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro 1968 je kl\u00ed\u010dovou kapitolou \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch d\u011bjin, kter\u00e1 zt\u011bles\u0148uje kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed politick\u00e9 liberalizace a reforem, je\u017e zpochybnily hegemonii sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho vlivu ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Toto hnut\u00ed, iniciovan\u00e9 veden\u00edm Alexandra Dub\u010deka, usilovalo o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \"socialismu s lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\" zaveden\u00edm reforem, kter\u00e9 slibovaly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed svobodu tisku, slova a cestov\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 omezen\u00ed \u010dinnosti tajn\u00e9 policie. Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, kter\u00fd tyto reformy vn\u00edmal jako ohro\u017een\u00ed sv\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy a jednoty Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy, v\u0161ak reagoval n\u00e1silnou invaz\u00ed vojsk Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 smlouvy do \u010ceskoslovenska, \u010d\u00edm\u017e hnut\u00ed Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho jara fakticky potla\u010dil. Tato ud\u00e1lost nejen zd\u016fraznila omezen\u00ed reforem v sov\u011btsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9\u0159e, ale tak\u00e9 prohloubila nap\u011bt\u00ed studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky a zanechala trval\u00fd dopad na \u010deskoslovenskou spole\u010dnost i \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Pra\u017esk\u00e9 jaro a jeho potla\u010den\u00ed slou\u017e\u00ed jako sv\u011bdectv\u00ed o snaze o svobodu a hou\u017eevnatosti \u010desk\u00e9ho a slovensk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd moment odporu proti \u00fatlaku.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Politick\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nepokoje poznamenaly v\u011bt\u0161inu 20. stolet\u00ed v Praze.  Rakousko-uhersk\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed se rozpadlo po...","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,15,39],"tags":[30],"table_tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9578"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9578"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12767,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9578\/revisions\/12767"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9578"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=9578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}