{"id":12534,"date":"2024-01-15T10:05:53","date_gmt":"2024-01-15T08:05:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=12534"},"modified":"2024-02-16T11:52:30","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T09:52:30","slug":"1989-czech-velvet-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/1989-\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae-\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\/","title":{"rendered":"1989 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7: \u03a4\u03c3\u03ad\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2: \u039e\u03b5\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>1989 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cc\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ce\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0395\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>1989 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1989 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2, \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1989, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03cd\u03c6\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c3\u03b2\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03c8\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"a-complete-exploration-of-1989-in-czechoslovakia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1989 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"prague-november-2018-celebrating-29th-anniversary-velvet-revolution-carnival-parade\" class=\"wp-image-12537\" srcset=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-16x12.jpg 16w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-200x150.jpg 200w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-260x195.jpg 260w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-380x285.jpg 380w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-1160x870.jpg 1160w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/prague.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Depositphotos_226612126_XL-1-scaled.jpg 2560w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b1 \u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2018 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 29\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>\u0397 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 1989<\/strong>, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac. \u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2. \u0395\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1989 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-spark-november-17th-and-student-protests\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0397 \u03a3\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b1: \u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/17-\u03bd\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5-1989\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/17-november-1989\/\">17 \u039d\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1989<\/a>, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u0397\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"civic-forum-and-call-for-transformation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf Civic Forum \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03bf \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd V\u00e1clav Havel \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Ji\u0159\u00ed Dienstbier, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03be\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b9\u03c7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"a-massive-uprising-and-the-downfall-of-the-communist-regime\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039c\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ba\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae. \u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03bc\u03b7 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1989. \u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"vaclav-havels-administration-and-the-velvet-split\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 V\u00e1clav Havel \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 29 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1989, \u03bf V\u00e1clav Havel, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc \u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 1989 \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/when-did-czechoslovakia-split\/#google_vignette\">\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1<\/a> \u03c4\u03bf 1993, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \"\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"legacy-and-global-implications\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039a\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1989 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf. \u0397 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 V\u00e1clav Havel \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03b7\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"a-turning-point-caused-by-the-velvet-revolution-in-czechoslovakia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1<\/strong> \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"end-of-communist-rule\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>1989 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1989, \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"establishment-of-democratic-governments\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a6\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f V\u00e1clav Havel, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"transition-to-the-market-economy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf<a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/\u03c4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae-\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1-\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2\/\"> \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 <\/a>\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac. \u0397 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \u0397 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"peaceful-disintegration-of-czechoslovakia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>\u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 1989<\/strong> \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 - \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 - \u03c4\u03bf 1993. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"motivation-for-democratic-movements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039a\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03b2\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"integration-with-the-european-community\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0395\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03be\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u0388\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf 2004.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"symbolism-for-hope-and-human-rights\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf <strong>1989 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong> \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 V\u00e1clav Havel \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"end-of-cold-war-era\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a8\u03c5\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c8\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03be\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03bd\u03ae. \u0391\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"from-the-uprising-to-the-freedom-of-the-velvet-revolution-in-czechoslovakia-1989\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 1989<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b8\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1989 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 17\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1989 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"when-the-president-of-czechoslovakia-in-1989-was-in-the-midst-of-the-revolution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1989 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1989 <\/strong>\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c5\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b7\u03b3\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u039d\u03bf\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1989 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 17 \u039d\u03bf\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 10 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1989, \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2 \u03a7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f V\u00e1clav Havel, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 29 \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1989.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f Gust\u00e1v Hus\u00e1k \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1992, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03bd\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"1989-a-crucial-year-for-czechoslovakias-economy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">1989: \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1: \u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0391\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1989 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u0391\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 <strong>\u0397 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1989<\/strong> \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"communist-economic-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039a\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba, \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae, \u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"economic-challenges\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039f\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1980, \u03b7 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03bb\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2. \u0397 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"political-changes-and-economic-reforms\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1989 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03af\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"market-reforms\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd <strong>1989 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7<\/strong>, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03ad\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"price-liberalization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0391\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 1989 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u0391\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"privatization\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u039f \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"foreign-investment-and-trade\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u039e\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03be\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf. \u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-gyg-href=\"https:\/\/widget.getyourguide.com\/default\/city.frame\" data-gyg-location-id=\"10\" data-gyg-locale-code=\"en-US\" data-gyg-widget=\"city\" data-gyg-partner-id=\"U94OQGQ\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0397 \u0392\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03c3\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1989 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0391\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5...","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12536,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,204,39],"tags":[49],"table_tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12534"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12534"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12596,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12534\/revisions\/12596"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12536"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12534"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=12534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}