{"id":9578,"date":"2023-05-24T09:03:46","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T07:03:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prague.org\/?p=9578"},"modified":"2024-02-02T18:37:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T16:37:17","slug":"prague-spring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/prag-ilkbahar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7ekoslovakya'daki Prag Bahar\u0131 Hakk\u0131nda Her \u015eeyi \u00d6\u011frenin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Prag'da 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne siyasi ve sosyal huzursuzluk damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avusturya-Macaristan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131 Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131'ndan sonra da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve Prag \u00c7ekoslovakya'n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti olmu\u015ftur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/nerede-prag-ne-ulke\/\">Prag nerede? <\/a><strong>Prag m\u0131<\/strong> <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya'da?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prag art\u0131k \u00c7ekoslovakya'n\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 de\u011fil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1993 y\u0131l\u0131nda, <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/cekoslovakya-ne-zaman-bolundu\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/when-did-czechoslovakia-split\/\">\u00c7ekya ve Slovakya daha sonra ayr\u0131 \u00fclkeler olu\u015fturmak \u00fczere ayr\u0131ld\u0131lar<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Konuyu \u015fu noktaya getirmeden tart\u0131\u015famay\u0131z <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya'da 1968 Prag Bahar\u0131<\/strong>. Prag Bahar\u0131 \u00c7ek tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hala Sovyet otoritesi alt\u0131ndayken, \u00c7ekoslovakya liberal reformist d\u00f6nem boyunca yakla\u015f\u0131k d\u00f6rt ay boyunca sanat, medya ve ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne daha a\u00e7\u0131k oldu. <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/alexander-dubcek-kimdi\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/who-was-alexander-dubcek\/\">Dub\u010dek<\/a> 1968'de.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ocak-A\u011fustos 1968 aras\u0131ndaki k\u0131sa d\u00f6nem genellikle Prag Bahar\u0131 olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u00c7ekoslovakya'n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Sovyetler Birli\u011fi'ni ve Kom\u00fcnist Parti'nin n\u00fcfuzunu zay\u0131flataca\u011f\u0131ndan korkan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, d\u00fczeni sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 \u00fclkelerinden birlikler g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yine de, ne ate\u015fledi <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya'da 1968 Prag Bahar\u0131<\/strong>?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-sparked-the-prague-spring-in-czechoslovakia\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7ekoslovakya'da Prag Bahar\u0131n\u0131 Ba\u015flatan Neydi?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ekoslovakya Cumhuriyeti'ndeki \u00f6fkeli g\u00f6steriler Novotn\u00fd'yi devirdi, Dub\u010dek'i se\u00e7ti ve Prag Bahar\u0131'na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Kom\u00fcnist rejimde ho\u015fnutsuzlu\u011fa yol a\u00e7an fakt\u00f6rleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da detayland\u0131rd\u0131k<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"standard-of-living\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ya\u015fam standard\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Enflasyon, g\u0131da k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131ndaki genel d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f, 1960'lar boyunca \u00c7ekoslovakya'da ho\u015fnutsuzluk dalgas\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesine katk\u0131da bulundu. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin konutlar\u0131 standartlar\u0131n alt\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve sadece en temel ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabiliyorlard\u0131.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ekoslovakya Do\u011fu Bloku'ndaki en geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomiye sahipti, ancak vatanda\u015flar\u0131 Sovyetler Birli\u011fi'ni desteklemek i\u00e7in ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7tiklerini giderek daha fazla fark ediyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"dissatisfaction-with-the-political-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Siyasi sistemden duyulan memnuniyetsizlik<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ek ve Slovak halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda artan bir ho\u015fnutsuzluk vard\u0131. Pek \u00e7ok \u00c7ek, kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netimin geni\u015flemesiyle \u00fclkelerinin son yirmi y\u0131lda daha otoriter hale geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Novotn\u00fd, ifade ve bas\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne getirdi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar nedeniyle ele\u015ftiri ald\u0131. Yar\u0131 otoriter bir tutum izledi\u011fi i\u00e7in (silahs\u0131z protestocular\u0131 hapsederek ve \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek) deste\u011fini h\u0131zla kaybetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"help-from-the-west\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bat\u0131'dan Yard\u0131m<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Baz\u0131 \u00c7ekler ve Slovaklar, kom\u00fcnist y\u00f6netime kar\u015f\u0131 yapt\u0131klar\u0131 protestolar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde ABD'nin bu protestolar\u0131 destekleyece\u011fine inan\u0131yordu. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Truman Doktrini'nde \u015funlar\u0131 yapaca\u011f\u0131na s\u00f6z verdi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"slowing-economy\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yava\u015flayan ekonomi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tarihsel olarak \u00c7ekoslovak ekonomisi Do\u011fu Bloku'nun en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomileri aras\u0131ndayd\u0131. Ancak bu durum 1960'larda Sovyetler Birli\u011fi'nin \u00c7ekoslovakya'y\u0131 \u00e7elik gibi hammaddeleri kendisi yerine Sovyetler Birli\u011fi i\u00e7in \u00fcretmeye zorlamas\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe ge\u00e7ti.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0130nsanlar ayr\u0131ca Kom\u00fcnist Parti'nin kalk\u0131nmay\u0131 engelledi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyordu. Neyin yeti\u015ftirilece\u011fine dair direktifleri ve \u00e7iftlikler \u00fczerindeki genel g\u00f6zetimleri modernle\u015fme giri\u015fimlerini engelliyordu. Novotn\u00fd y\u00f6netimindeki ekonomik de\u011fi\u015fim giri\u015fimleri de ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fray\u0131nca hayal k\u0131r\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"soviet-invasion-of-czechoslovakia-and-its-repercussions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sovyetlerin \u00c7ekoslovakya'y\u0131 i\u015fgali ve yans\u0131malar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7ekoslovakya'n\u0131n do\u011frudan bir m\u00fcdahalesi olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Prag Bahar\u0131'n\u0131n sona ermesinin ard\u0131ndan \u00fclke yine de d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ele\u015ftirilere maruz kald\u0131. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da bunun ABD ile Sovyetler Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra di\u011fer ili\u015fkileri nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini \u00f6\u011frenin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-warsaw-pact\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sovyetlerin Do\u011fu Avrupa'daki uydu \u00fclkeler \u00fczerindeki hakimiyeti 1960'larda \u00c7ekoslovakya'n\u0131n i\u015fgali ile artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ekoslovakya'daki Prag Bahar\u0131 ve Brejnev Doktrini'nin kar\u015f\u0131t g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fl\u00fc \u00fclkelere askeri m\u00fcdahaleyi me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 nedeniyle 1980'lerin sonuna kadar Do\u011fu Avrupa'da ba\u015fka ayaklanma ya\u015fanmad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"criticism-from-around-the-world\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan ele\u015ftiriler<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sovyetler Birli\u011fi'nin eylemleri k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u015fiddetle ele\u015ftirildi. Yakla\u015fan Sovyet tanklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde buket tutan silahs\u0131z sivillerin g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri SSCB'nin vah\u015fetini g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne serdi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin Romanya ve Yugoslavya, Brejnev Doktrini nedeniyle sava\u015ftan sonra Moskova ulusundan siyasi olarak uzakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve bunu bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pekin'in Moskova'n\u0131n bu ideolojiyi \u00c7in'i i\u015fgal etmek i\u00e7in bir bahane olarak kullanaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki korkular\u0131 nedeniyle \u00c7in ile Sovyetler Birli\u011fi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin bozulmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7an barda\u011f\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131ran son damla oldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"implications-for-cold-war-relations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">So\u011fuk Sava\u015f \u0130li\u015fkilerine Etkileri&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, Brejnev Doktrini'ni uygulamaya koydu\u011funda bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde birlikte ya\u015faman\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu. Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri ve Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, bozulan ili\u015fkiler nedeniyle kendi silahlar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirmeye devam etti.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"unveiling-pragues-communist-era-3-5-hour-historical-and-bunker-tour\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prag'\u0131n Kom\u00fcnist D\u00f6nemini Ke\u015ffedin: 3,5 Saatlik Tarihi ve S\u0131\u011f\u0131nak Turu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div data-gyg-href=\"https:\/\/widget.getyourguide.com\/default\/activities.frame\" data-gyg-locale-code=\"en-US\" data-gyg-widget=\"activities\" data-gyg-number-of-items=\"1\" data-gyg-partner-id=\"U94OQGQ\" data-gyg-tour-ids=\"22927\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fcleyici 3,5 saatlik bir y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f turuna \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n ve Prag'daki kom\u00fcnizmin ilgi \u00e7ekici tarihini ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Bilgili bir yerel rehber e\u015fli\u011finde Prag Bahar\u0131 ve Kadife Devrim ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6nemli yerleri ke\u015ffedin. Rehberiniz o d\u00f6neme dair ki\u015fisel deneyimlerini payla\u015f\u0131rken Demir Perde'nin ard\u0131ndaki hayata dair benzersiz bilgiler edinin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"highlights\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6nemli Noktalar<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>\u00c7ekoslovakya'da kom\u00fcnizmin ilgi \u00e7ekici tarihine kendinizi kapt\u0131r\u0131n <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prag Bahar\u0131 ve Kadife Devrim ile ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u00f6nemli yerleri ziyaret edin <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Otantik bir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 kantinine ad\u0131m at\u0131n ve kendinizi d\u00f6nemin ambiyans\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131n <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1950'lerden kalma bir n\u00fckleer s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011f\u0131n atmosferini deneyimleyin <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prag'daki Kom\u00fcnizm M\u00fczesi'ne indirimli giri\u015fin keyfini \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"included\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dahil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>B\u00fcy\u00fcleyici bir n\u00fckleer s\u0131\u011f\u0131na\u011fa \u00f6zel eri\u015fim <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hat\u0131ra olarak orijinal bir kom\u00fcnist rozeti al\u0131n <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kom\u00fcnizm M\u00fczesi'ne giri\u015f i\u00e7in indirimden yararlan\u0131n <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Samimi ve ki\u015fiselle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir deneyim sa\u011flayan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck grup boyutu (en fazla 8 ki\u015fi) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Otantik kantinde bir mola verin ve ferahlat\u0131c\u0131 bir Kofola i\u00e7ece\u011finin tad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-cs-button-block\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.getyourguide.fr\/prague-l10\/visite-de-prague-extravaganza-communism-t22927\/?partner_id=U94OQGQ&amp;utm_medium=online_publisher\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u2192 Daha Fazla Bilgi<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-end-of-a-peaceful-era\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Huzurlu Bir D\u00f6nemin Sonu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Prag Bahar\u0131'n\u0131 takip eden olaylar, Do\u011fu ile Bat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bar\u0131\u015f i\u00e7inde bir arada ya\u015fama d\u00f6neminin sona erdi\u011fine dair spek\u00fclasyonlara yol a\u00e7t\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sovyetler Birli\u011fi'nin T\u00fcrkiye'ye son vermesinin ger\u00e7ek nedeni <strong>\u00c7ekoslovakya'da 1968 Prag Bahar\u0131 <\/strong>\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00c7ekoslovakya \u00fczerindeki hakimiyetlerini kaybetmekten korkuyorlard\u0131 ve bu da ba\u015fka yerlerde de benzer ayaklanmalara yol a\u00e7abilirdi. Yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok \u015fey var <a href=\"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/zengin-prag-tarihini-kesfet\/\">Prag'\u0131n zengin tarihi hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinin<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"a-defining-moment-in-the-quest-for-freedom\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Aray\u0131\u015f\u0131nda Belirleyici Bir An<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1968 Prag Bahar\u0131, Do\u011fu Avrupa'daki Sovyet etkisinin hegemonyas\u0131na meydan okuyan k\u0131sa bir siyasi liberalle\u015fme ve reform d\u00f6nemini temsil ederek \u00c7ekoslovakya tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm olarak yer almaktad\u0131r. Alexander Dub\u010dek'in liderli\u011finde ba\u015flat\u0131lan bu hareket, gizli polisin faaliyetlerinin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra daha fazla bas\u0131n, ifade ve seyahat \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vaat eden reformlar getirerek \"insan y\u00fczl\u00fc bir sosyalizm\" yaratmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ancak bu reformlar\u0131 kendi hakimiyetine ve Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131'n\u0131n birli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bir tehdit olarak alg\u0131layan Sovyetler Birli\u011fi, Var\u015fova Pakt\u0131 birliklerinin \u00c7ekoslovakya'y\u0131 zorla i\u015fgal ederek Prag Bahar\u0131 hareketini etkili bir \u015fekilde ezmesiyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k verdi. Bu olay sadece Sovyet alan\u0131ndaki reformlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 vurgulamakla kalmam\u0131\u015f, ayn\u0131 zamanda So\u011fuk Sava\u015f gerilimlerini de yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rarak \u00c7ekoslovak toplumu ve daha geni\u015f uluslararas\u0131 toplum \u00fczerinde kal\u0131c\u0131 bir etki b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Prag Bahar\u0131 ve onun bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, \u00c7ek ve Slovak halklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck aray\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve direncinin bir kan\u0131t\u0131 olarak bask\u0131ya kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir direni\u015f an\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Prag'da 20. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne siyasi ve sosyal huzursuzluk damgas\u0131n\u0131 vurdu.  Avusturya-Macaristan Krall\u0131\u011f\u0131...","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9582,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[204,15,39],"tags":[30],"table_tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9578"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9578"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12767,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9578\/revisions\/12767"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9578"},{"taxonomy":"table_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prague.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/table_tags?post=9578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}